How are accounts dump cracked?

Hi everyone I'm so curious about how people create those lists figuring email:password of various accounts like Netflix, Disney+, etc. Is it just brute force or there is more to it?

Bonus: what about lifetime or "on request" accounts where they give you an account created just for you?

I would like to start understanding this stuff but it's like black magic (I understand the concept of brute force but not the rest). I'm studying computer engineering so I think I'm capable of understanding it.

Thanks in advance to everyone

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from hacking: security in practice https://ift.tt/AibkVc9